(+) Represent scalar multiplication graphically by scaling vectors and possibly reversing their direction; perform scalar multiplication component-wise, e.g., as c(v(sub x), v(sub y)) = (cv(sub x), cv(sub y)).
(+) Represent scalar multiplication graphically by scaling vectors and possibly reversing their direction; perform scalar multiplication component-wise, e.g., as c(v(sub x), v(sub y)) = (cv(sub x), cv(sub y)).
